Difference between revisions of "Human Rights NGOs"
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This decade was more significant for NGOs in that they, rather than the UN, became the focal point of the movement. The nature of the movement also changed and took on its present day character “as a collection of independent national, regional, and international NGOs seeking to hold governments accountable to internationally defined standards of human rights” (Wiseberg 1991:529). Rather than international law, NGOs were more interested in shaming governments into change through publicizing unjust behavior. (Cmiel 2004). Two prominent human rights NGOs, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, emerged during this time, both of which are two of the most influential NGOs today. | This decade was more significant for NGOs in that they, rather than the UN, became the focal point of the movement. The nature of the movement also changed and took on its present day character “as a collection of independent national, regional, and international NGOs seeking to hold governments accountable to internationally defined standards of human rights” (Wiseberg 1991:529). Rather than international law, NGOs were more interested in shaming governments into change through publicizing unjust behavior. (Cmiel 2004). Two prominent human rights NGOs, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, emerged during this time, both of which are two of the most influential NGOs today. | ||
| − | + | <blockquote>'''''Amnesty International'''''<br> | |
| − | '''''Amnesty International''''' | + | Amnesty International (AI) was established in 1961 in London in order to stop the abuse of international human rights. AI’s mission is to “conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated (Amnesty International). The organization really gained momentum in the 1970s when they disclosed that 61 regimes had engaged in torture. In 1977 the organization was given the Nobel Peace Prize due to their work with military authoritarianism in Latin America (Korey 1998). Today, AI has over 2.2 million members and supporters throughout the world as they continue to campaign and lobby towards the eradication of human rights violations (Amnesty International).</blockquote> |
| − | + | <blockquote>'''''Human Rights Watch'''''<br> | |
| − | Amnesty International (AI) was established in 1961 in London in order to stop the abuse of international human rights. AI’s mission is to “conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated (Amnesty International). The organization really gained momentum in the 1970s when they disclosed that 61 regimes had engaged in torture. In 1977 the organization was given the Nobel Peace Prize due to their work with military authoritarianism in Latin America (Korey 1998). Today, AI has over 2.2 million members and supporters throughout the world as they continue to campaign and lobby towards the eradication of human rights violations (Amnesty International). | + | Human Rights Watch (HRW) was started in 1978 as Helsinki Watch, an organization focusing on the Soviet and human rights provisions. In the 1980s, Americas Watch, an organization dealing with conflict in Central America, was established. The two NGOs combined in 1988 to form HRW, an organization based in New York with offices throughout the world (Human Rights Watch 2006). HRW is dedicated to citing and investigating human rights violations internationally and “[enlisting] the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all” (Human Rights Watch 2006).</blockquote> |
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| − | '''''Human Rights Watch''''' | ||
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| − | Human Rights Watch (HRW) was started in 1978 as Helsinki Watch, an organization focusing on the Soviet and human rights provisions. In the 1980s, Americas Watch, an organization dealing with conflict in Central America, was established. The two NGOs combined in 1988 to form HRW, an organization based in New York with offices throughout the world (Human Rights Watch 2006). HRW is dedicated to citing and investigating human rights violations internationally and “[enlisting] the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all” (Human Rights Watch 2006). | ||
===1990s=== | ===1990s=== | ||
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== Works Cited == | == Works Cited == | ||
| − | Amnesty International. The History of Amnesty International. Retrieved July 30, 2008 from http://www.amnesty.org/ | + | Amnesty International. ''The History of Amnesty International''. Retrieved July 30, 2008 from http://www.amnesty.org/ |
| − | Cmiel, Kenneth. (2004). A Recent History of Human Rights. The American Historical Review, 109(1), 1-22. | + | Cmiel, Kenneth. (2004). A Recent History of Human Rights. ''The American Historical Review'', 109(1), 1-22. |
| − | Flowers, Nancy (Ed). (1998). A Short History of Human Rights. Retrieved July 21, 2008 from Human Rights Here and Now: Celebrating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/hreduseries/hereandnow/Part-1/short-history.htm | + | Flowers, Nancy (Ed). (1998). ''A Short History of Human Rights''. Retrieved July 21, 2008 from Human Rights Here and Now: Celebrating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/hreduseries/hereandnow/Part-1/short-history.htm |
| − | Korey, William. (1998). NGOs: Fifty Years of Advocating Human Rights. Issues of Democracy, 3, 1-7. | + | Korey, William. (1998). NGOs: Fifty Years of Advocating Human Rights. ''Issues of Democracy'', 3, 1-7. |
| − | Human Rights Watch. (2006). About HRW: Who We Are, What We Do. Retrieved July 30, 2008 from http://hrw.org/ | + | Human Rights Watch. (2006). ''About HRW: Who We Are, What We Do''. Retrieved July 30, 2008 from http://hrw.org/ |
| − | Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights. (2003). NGOs and the Human Rights Movement. Retrieved July 21, 2008 from Stop Violence Against Women: A Project by the Advocates for Human Rights http://www.stopvaw.org/NGOs_and_the_Human_Rights_Movement.html | + | Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights. (2003). ''NGOs and the Human Rights Movement''. Retrieved July 21, 2008 from Stop Violence Against Women: A Project by the Advocates for Human Rights http://www.stopvaw.org/NGOs_and_the_Human_Rights_Movement.html |
| − | Wiseberg, Laurie S. (1991). Protecting Human Rights Activists and NGOs: What More Can Be Done? Human Rights Quarterly, 13(4), 525-544. | + | Wiseberg, Laurie S. (1991). Protecting Human Rights Activists and NGOs: What More Can Be Done? ''Human Rights Quarterly'', 13(4), 525-544. |
Latest revision as of 08:51, 11 August 2008
Contents
What is a Human Rights NGO?
Human rights NGOs devote their resources to the “promotion and protection” of universal human rights (Wiseberg 1991:529). Unlike governments, who tend to seek human rights for their own citizens, human rights NGOs fight for the security of human rights to all people. The human rights movement, which began after World War II, is a diverse movement comprised of thousands of NGOs that has spread throughout the world today (Wiseberg 1991).
History of Human Rights NGOs
In looking at the human rights movement and the role of NGOs, historians have primarily studied three periods that they see as three “waves” of activism (Cmiel 2004:12).
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